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"O Armatolos" is an award-winning poem written by the 19th-century poet Grigor Parlichev. The poem was composed in 1860, and officially published on March 25 of that year to participate in the Athens University competition for best Greek language poetry, winning first place. Parlichev considered the poem his lifetime achievement, after winning the competition he was crowned with a laurel wreath, and offered scholarship to universities at Oxford and Berlin. Around 1870 Parlichev made an effort to translate the poem from the original Greek to a mixture of vernacular Eastern South Slavic and Church Slavonic, which he referred to as the Bulgarian literary language. Basically, "O Armatolos" tells the story about the death of a legendary hero who protected the villagers from the brutal gangs of Gheg Albanians (''Ghegis''). The action in the poem takes place in the middle of the 19th century in the western regions of Macedonia, respectively the region between Galichnik, Reka, and the village Stan (all in present-day Republic of Macedonia). Based on the motif of the folk songs about ''Kuzman Kapidan'', the theme of the poem develops into nine parts. The first part, based on nine quatrains, tells about the statements of the tragic struggle and death of the hero Cosmas. In the second part, Cosmas' mother distressed expects her son's return from battle, not knowing that he died. The third part is the most striking piece in the poem, telling the cry that the enemies of the peasants caused by bringing the inanimate body of Cosmas into the village. It is in this part that the poem's most popular line "screams can be heard from Galichnik in Reka" is used, as an allusion to the sorrow of the people. In the fourth part, the author returns to the scenes of Cosmas' last battle and his demise. Through the fifth part, the attackers pay due respect to Cosmas by pledging not to attack his home village. Cosmas' mother removes the curse she had said towards the village enemies and forgives them, requiring the Gheg Albanians not to attack the Reka people any more. In the sixth part is seen the grieving of Cosmas' mother and through it is told the genealogical tree of the hero. This section notes Cosmas' lover Cveta, that washes the hero with her tears. The seventh part tells how the hero's mother orders the villagers to bury Cosmas and the other fighters together with all honors. The scene of the eight part takes place an the home of Cosmas' fiancee. Folk customs would refrain her from wailing over the death of Cosmas before her father. But as soon as she was left alone, her bitter cry echoed, forcing her to give up all thing earthly and become a nun. The ninth part marks the end of the piece, in which is marked the everlasting glory of Cosmas in the village. "O Armatolos" was very well received by 19th century Greek critics. It was described as full of high artistic quality, complex epithets, great descriptions of weapons, fine general epic narrative, characters, and a symbiosis of Homeric style and the artistic folklore-themed flair of Parlichev. Grigor Parlichev received the epithet "second Homer" from the academics of the Athens University. Today, the literally work is considered one of the finest in the creation of the Bulgarian literature and regarded in the Republic of Macedonia as the seminal work in the modern national awakening of Macedonians. However, Parlichev did get criticized by his fellow Bulgarian writers such as Kuzman Shapkarev and Dimitar Miladinov for using the Greek language rather than Slavic. == Background == Before he wrote the poem, Grigor Parlichev was moving around the Balkan Peninsula working as a teacher.〔Pandeva (2010), p.39〕 First he went to work in Tirana, Albania, here he would become a great fan of Homer and Greek poetry. In 1849 he visited Athens where he entered a Medical School to study medicine. In 1850, before returning to his hometown Ohrid, he visited the poetry competition in the Athens University being deeply impressed by the ceremony in which the winner is awarded by the king Otto of Greece.〔Parlichev, p.23 (depending on issue)〕 Parlichev always had a great respect towards the Greek culture, history, and literature, and in the time before and during the writing of the poem he was a passionate philhellene, identifying as Greek rather than Slavic Bulgarian, as he did before and after this period of his life.〔Pandeva (2010), p. 41〕 Not only because of the great impression that the Kingdom of Greece left on him he decided to write in Greek, but also because of the Homeric style that he chose to compose his poem.〔Pandeva (2010), p. 40〕 In 1859 he returns to Ottoman Macedonia to work as a teacher, so he can collect enough money to continue his university studies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Grigor Prlichev - the "second homer" )〕 After returning to Greece he started his second year in medicine. In this period he lacks of interest in his studies and starts work on his first poem "O Armatolos" ((ギリシア語:''Ο Αρματωλός'')).〔Pandeva (2010), p.48〕 Parlichev remembers the old folk song that he was told in the village of Belica of the mythical folk hero known as Kuzman Kapidan that defeated the Albanian robbers and provided a relatively peaceful life of the village population.〔Kramarich, p.238〕 Parlichev decided to build the poem's plot on this folk songs from western Macedonia. The period during the writing of the poem, and the study in Athens is known as the "Athenian period" of Parlichev's life, as defined by the author Raymond Detrez. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「O Armatolos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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